Roman Body Armor :: essays research papers

During the expansion of Rome and the acquisition of new territory, the Roman armies were often met by heavy resistance and bloody conflicts. The armies needed a type of protection that would safely protect soldiers and would ensure victory for Rome. That is the reason armour (upper body) in particular was implemented to save soldiers on the battlefield. The armour had to meet certain standards of construction for it to be useful: Of these standards the first was that armour was to be flexible enough to allow the wearer freedom of movement in battle. Secondly, it had to be lightweight it could be worn without wearing down the soldier, while still protecting him against an opponents' weapon: and finally, the armour had to be made at low cost. These three aspects were influential in the evolution of armour design in the Roman army. The main study point of Roman armour is that it was a trade off between freedom of movement, protection, and cost factor. In the first century A.D. there were about four types of armour in use. The names of the different types were muscle, scale, mail, and segmented mail and the segmented breastplate being the leading type. Studying of these armour types relies upon three main sources of evidence: iconographic; archaeological; and literary source documents. The evolution of Roman armour was influenced by the needs and circumstances of the Roman Army. Armies of the first century A.D. were finally established within the Empire and control fell solely under the Emperor. With the increase of soldiers in the Roman army, which was up to around thirty legions, well built armour was more in need than ever on the frontiers. The army could be divided into two distinct parts the legion and the auxiliary. Only Roman citizens could become a legionnaire, while the auxiliary were made of non citizens from Rome's settled territories. The early view put forward by a historian named Webster was that the equipment used by the legionnaires was remarkably uniform throughout the empire. However, there has been no evidence that supports this theory, showing that a great number of types and ages of equipment was in use at anyone time. Peterson argues that uniform armour in the Roman army may have only extended to the soldiers having their own body armour, helmet, weapons and shield showing a common trademark. Bishop and Coulston suggest that in this period soldiers purchased their own equipment.

Comparison Between Market Structures

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKET STRUCTURES Perfect Competition No. of Firms A large number, each being small. Monopolistic Competition A large number, each have some amount of market power. Oligopoly A small number, each being mutually interdependent. Monopoly Only one firm, possessing full control in the market. Size of Firms Small. Therefore each is a price taker. Relatively small but possessing some ability in setting price. Relatively big but bases its decision on other firms. Very large and is able to influence price or output but not both simultaneously. Nature of Product Homogeneous Differentiated Differentiated Unique Knowledge of Product Perfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Barriers Free entry and exit from industry Free entry and exit from industry Barriers of entry and exit from industry Barriers of entry and exit from industry Mobility of Factors Perfect Mobility Perfect Mobility Imperfect Mobility Imperfect Mobility Extent of Price Control/Pricing Policy None by individual firms who take the market prevailing price Firms may either set price or output, constrained by its demand curve Firms may either set price or output, constrained by the actions of rival firms Firms may either set price or output, constrained by its demand curve Non-price Competition No advertising or other forms of promotion because of perfect competition †¢ Perfectly price elastic – each firm is a price taker because of all the above conditions †¢ D=P=AR=MR †¢ Price is constant at all levels of output †¢ The industry’s demand and supply determine the market price Advertising and other forms of promotion may take place Advertising and other forms of promotion may take place because of price rigidity †¢ Kinked demand curve – price rigidity exists because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The oligoplistic firm determines the market price or output, taking into account its competitor’s reaction No advertising or other forms of promotion because of the absence of competition †¢ Relatively price inelastic – firm is a price setter because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The monopolist determines the market price or output but not both simultaneously because it is constrained by the demand curve Demand Curve/Price Line/AR curve †¢ Relatively price elastic – each firm has some ability to set price because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The monopolistically competitive firm determines the market price or output but not both simultaneously because it is constrained by the demand curve 1 Perfect Competition Relationship between the demand curves of the Firm and Industry Price Price S P2 D1 D2 D0 P0 P1 AR2 AR0 AR1 Monopolistic Competition Demand Curve of the Firm $ Oligopoly Demand Curve of the Firm $ Monopoly Demand Curve of the Firm / Industry $ P2 P0 P1 MR Quantity Firm Quantity AR=DD Quantity MR AR=DD Quantity MR AR=DD Quantity Q1 Q0 Q2 Industry TR Curve †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P is constant, TR curve is a linear upward-sloping from left to right Revenue Curves under Perfect Competition $ $ 60 TR †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Monopolistic Competition $ †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Oligopoly $ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Monopoly $ 10 AR=MR=DD AR=DD Quantity $ AR=DD Quantity MR Quantity 6 Quantity $ MR AR=DD Quantity $ MR TR Quantity TR Quantity TR Quantity MR Curve †¢ Identical to P and AR, that is, D=P=AR=MR †¢ Constant †¢ MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases †¢ Presence of a broken line, implying the presence of price rigidity †¢ MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases 2 Perfect Competition MC/AC Curves †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Monopolistic Competition †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Oligopoly †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Monopoly †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Profit-maximising Condition †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since MR=P(=D=AR), when MR=MC, P=MC †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC Meaning of SR Equilibrium †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms Meaning of LR Equilibrium Profitability in SR †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC P0 Supernormal Profits †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ MC AC Supernormal Profits †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Monopoly $ MC AC Supernormal Profits AR=MR=DD P0 P0 AC Supernormal Profits P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity 3 Perfect Competition †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC P0 AR=MR=DD Monopolistic Competition †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ MC AC P0 Oligopoly †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC AC P0 Monopoly †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Monopoly $ MC AC P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ AC MC Subnormal Profits †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC AC Subnormal Profits †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Monopoly $ AC MC Subnormal Profits P0 Subnormal Profits AR=MR=DD P0 P0 P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity Profitability in LR Necessarily makes normal profit because of free entry and exit from the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – beyond optimum capacity (Overutilisation where AC is rising) †¢ Normal profits – optimum capacity (Full utilisation where AC is at its minimum) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Necessarily makes normal profit because of free entry and exit from the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Can be making either normal or supernormal profits because of the presence of entry to the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Can be making either normal or supernormal profits because of the presence of entry to the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Plant Utilisation in SR 4 Perfect Competition Plant Utilisation in LR Normal profits – optimum capacity (Full utilisation where AC is at its minimum) Monopolistic Competition Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Oligopoly †¢ Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Monopoly †¢ Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Allocative Efficiency Allocative efficiency is attained where P=MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC EXCEPT when the monopolist is practising first degree (perfect) price discrimination Productive Efficiency (NEW vs OLD definition) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the minimum LRAC NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) Distinction between Firm and Industry †¢ Industry consists of many small firms producing an identical product. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve is perfectly elastic because it is a price taker; industry’s demand curve is downward sloping †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) The portion of MC curve that is above the average variable cost †¢ Industry consists of many relatively small firms producing differentiated products. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve and the industry’s demand curve is both downward sloping Industry consists of a few large firms producing differentiated products. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve and the industry’s demand curve is kinked implying the presence of price rigidity †¢ Industry consists of only one firm producing a unique product. Therefore, there exists NO distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve is the industry’s demand curve and it is downward sloping Shut-down condition †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because there is no unique price to a quantity and viceversa †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because of the presence of price rigidity †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because there is no unique price to a quantity and viceversa Supply Curve in SR 5

Affordable Care Act, Cultural Assessment Of The Hispanic...

Introduction It is important to understand how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also know as the Affordable Care Act and usually referred to as the Obamacare affordable care act works and the functionality of it. The Affordable Care Act has insured over 20 million people, which was signed back in law in 2010 and signed by the 44th President Barack Obama. This paper will discuss various aspect of the Affordable Care Act, cultural assessment of the Hispanic group, and chapter six case study. Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act is a health care system that has insured over 20 million American that was uninsured. This is a law that was passed in 2010. There are three metal categories, which are Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. The metal categories are associated with the cost that the consumer will pay as well as the plan. It is also important to know that the quality of care remains the same for all four categories. For example, the Bronze category will cost the consumer 40 percent while the insurance company would pay 60 percent, while the Silver will cost the consumer 30 percent, while the insurance company pays 70 percent, also the Gold category would cost the consumer 20 percent, while the insurance company would pay 80 percent, and the Platinum would cost the consumer ten percent, while the insurance company would pay 90 percent (â€Å"Understanding marketplace health insurance categories†, 2010). It is very important to understand how the AffordableShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act Is The Chief Repair Of The United States Health Care System1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act was the chief repair of the United States health care system that afford coverage for over 94 percent of Americans (ACA, 2014). These countless modifications benefit many Americans who have pre-existing conditions which normally had not been obtainable up to know. This project described the Health Insurance Marketplace coverage that function identified by metal tier that include consumer-costs and services. Each family decision will be individual regards they health statusRead MoreWhy I m Writing About Health Care1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbarriers, economic, cultural differences, and other significant obstacles. The American dream is something that everyone is looking to pursue regarding of what group you are. The American dream is being able to have health care access without any li mitations. Health care has been a problem in the past century and its still going on. People who don t have access to health care many of the time suffer from health related problems. The reason why I m writing about health care is to address the barriersRead MoreHealth Literacy And Medical Adherence Of The Aging Population1361 Words   |  6 PagesBrach, of the nearly 60 million of American adults with limited health literacy, almost 32 million are Non-White and/or Hispanic (2007, p. S122). The CDC (Centers for Disease and Prevention Control), Healthy People 2020, and Health.gov offer several recommendations to tackle this issue that not only affects health statuses because of the miscommunication, but drives up health care costs as well. This paper will break down the various components of health communication, address the issues it has forRead MoreEmerging Standards Of Care Paper3098 Words   |  13 PagesEmerging Standards of Care Paper The United States has developed into a diversified nation that is comprised of numerous perspectives, values and health behaviors which are creating health disparities within the health care system (Cowen Moorhead, 2012). Failure to address these disparities could evolve into considerable health and cultural concerns among these minority groups. Nurse leaders have to be cognizant of these concerns and implement culturally competent standards of care in their organizationRead MoreThe American Association Of Nurse Practitioners1631 Words   |  7 Pagesgraduate-level courses in advanced physical assessment, advanced pharmacology, and advanced pathophysiology. Lastly, the graduate applicant must hold an active, unencumbered RN license in a state or territory of the U.S.A. (AANPCP, 2015; ANCC, 2015b). Practice Setting and Patient Population The type of organization best aligned with the author’s nursing philosophy, professional aspirations, and competencies acquired through this program would be a Primary Care Organization (PCO). Being a clinicianRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Organizational Assessment Paper Is1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this organizational assessment paper is to provide a clear unbiased analysis of my place of employment. I began my employment at the Human Behavioral Institute (HBI) in Las Vegas under the supervision of Dr. Marie Cid and Dr. Anis Abi-Karam on August 17, 2009. To date I have averaged approximately thirty-two hours per week of face-to-face contact with clients. 1. Assess the Organization’s Programs and Services a. What programs and services are offered? What populations are servedRead MoreAssessment Of Gerontology Paper1364 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of Gerontology In searching for resources for this assignment, most of the articles written have at least one thing in common. The baby boomers are getting older, as a result, they will represent 20% of the total population from now until 2030. The number of persons who are 65 years and older is 12% of the population, the life expectancy of 77.9 years has caused this increase. The older people over age 85 is at about 40%, and the number of centenarians is on the rise (Center for DiseaseRead MoreHealth Disparities Among Minorities : A Pervasive Problem Within The United States.the Institute Of Medicine Defines Disparity2469 Words   |  10 Pagesthe United States.The Institute of Medicine defines disparity as, â€Å"differences in treatment provided to members of different racial or ethnic groups that are not justified by underlying health conditions or preferences† (Snowden 526). Despite adjustments made to access-related factors, insurance and income, minorities still tend receive lower-q uality health care than whites (Flores, Olsen and Tomany-Korman 183). According to the Centers for Disease Control, â€Å"Relatively little progress has been madeRead Moreunit 73688 Words   |  15 Pages Three abbreviated research plans are proposed in this paper as possible solutions to the growing concern in the U.S. on health disparities targeting a community with limited or no health insurance preventing them from receiving adequate health care, medication, and the use of preventive measures such as exercise and diet (Walden, 2012). Comparison and Evaluation of Strengths and Limitations of Research Methods Used in These Abbreviated Plans Two major strengths I find of quantitative researchRead MoreCommunity Assessment Essay5210 Words   |  21 PagesThis paper will conduct a community assessment of Marion County, Indiana. Marion County is located in the heart of Indianapolis, which is the capital of the state of Indiana. Marion County was created April 1, 1822 and was formed from Delaware New Purchase. It was named after General Frances Marion from South Carolina in the Revolutionary War period. This assessment will address the health needs and risks of Marion County through the use of the WGU assessment forms identifying the population’s economic

Attack on Fort Sumter Began the Civil War in 1861

The shelling of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 marked the beginning of the American Civil War. With the booming of cannons over the harbor in Charleston, South Carolina, the secession crisis gripping the country escalated into a shooting war. The attack on the fort was the culmination of a simmering conflict in which a small garrison of Union troops in South Carolina found themselves isolated when the state seceded from the Union. The action at Fort Sumter lasted less than two days and had no great tactical significance. And casualties were minor. But the symbolism was enormous on both sides. Once Fort Sumter was fired upon there was no turning back. The North and the South were at war. The Crisis Began With Lincolns Election in 1860 Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, the candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party, in 1860, the state of South Carolina announced its intention to secede from the Union in December 1860. Declaring itself independent of the United States, the state government demanded that federal troops leave. Anticipating trouble, the administration of the outgoing president, James Buchanan, had ordered a reliable U.S. Army officer, Major Robert Anderson, to Charleston in late November 1860 to command the small outpost of federal troops guarding the harbor. Major Anderson realized that his small garrison at Fort Moultrie was in danger as it could easily be overrun by infantry. On the night of December 26, 1860, Anderson surprised even members of his own staff by ordering a move to a fort situated on an island in Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter had been built after the War of 1812 to protect the city of Charleston from foreign invasion, and it was designed to repel a naval attack, not a bombardment from the city itself. But Major Anderson felt it was the safest place in which to place his command, which numbered less than 150 men. The secessionist government of South Carolina was outraged by Andersons move to Fort Sumter and demanded that he vacate the fort. Demands that all federal troops leave South Carolina intensified. It was obvious that Major Anderson and his men couldnt hold out for long at Fort Sumter, so the Buchanan administration sent a merchant ship to Charleston to bring provisions to the fort. The ship, Star of the West, was fired on by secessionist shore batteries on January 9, 1861, and was unable to reach the fort. The Crisis at Fort Sumter Intensified While Major Anderson and his men were isolated at Fort Sumter, often cut off from any communication with their own government in Washington, DC, events were escalating elsewhere. Abraham Lincoln traveled from Illinois to Washington for his inauguration. It is believed that a plot to assassinate him on the way was foiled. Lincoln was inaugurated on March 4, 1861, and was soon made aware of the seriousness of the crisis at Fort Sumter. Told that the fort would run out of provisions, Lincoln ordered ships of the U.S. Navy to sail to Charleston and supply the fort. The newly formed Confederate government kept up demands that Major Anderson surrender the fort and leave Charleston with his men. Anderson refused, and at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Confederate cannon positioned at various points on the mainland began shelling Fort Sumter. The Battle of Fort Sumter The shelling by Confederates from several positions surrounding Fort Sumter went unanswered until after daylight, when Union gunners began returning fire. Both sides exchanged cannon fire throughout the day of April 12, 1861. By nightfall, the pace of the cannons had slowed, and a heavy rain pelted the harbor. When morning dawned clear the cannons roared again, and fires began to break out at Fort Sumter. With the fort in ruins, and with supplies running out, Major Anderson was forced to surrender. Under the surrender terms, the federal troops at Fort Sumter would essentially pack up and sail to a northern port. On the afternoon of April 13, Major Anderson ordered a white flag to be raised over Fort Sumter. The attack on Fort Sumter had produced no combat casualties, though two federal troops died during a freak accident at a ceremony after the surrender when a cannon misfired. The federal troops were able to board one of the U.S. Navy ships which had been sent to bring supplies to the fort, and they sailed to New York City. Upon arrival in New York, Major Anderson learned that he was considered a national hero for having defended the fort and the national flag at Fort Sumter. Impact of the Attack on Fort Sumter The citizens of the North were outraged by the attack on Fort Sumter. And Major Anderson, with the flag that had flown over the fort, appeared at a massive rally in New York Citys Union Square on April 20, 1861. The New York Times estimated the crowd at more than 100,000 people. Major Anderson also toured the northern states, recruiting troops. In the South, feelings also ran high. The men who fired the cannons at Fort Sumter were considered heroes, and the newly formed Confederate government was emboldened to form an army and plan for war. While the action at Fort Sumter had not amounted to much militarily, the symbolism of it was enormous, and intense feelings over what had happened propelled the nation into a conflict that would not end for four long and bloody years.

vanity of human wishes Essay - 1714 Words

The Vanity of Human Wishes: The Vanity of Human Wishes The Vanity of Human Wishes  ©2008 eNotes.com, Inc. or its Licensors. Please see copyright information at the end of this document. The Poem Samuel Johnson’s The Vanity of Human Wishes imitates, as its subtitle states, Juvenal’s tenth satire. The 368 lines of iambic pentameter in rhymed couplets do not claim to provide an exact translation but rather to apply the poem to eighteenth century England. While Johnson therefore feels free to modernize the allusions, he follows his model closely. The poem opens with the proposition that people ask for the wrong things and points out the folly of the first common request, riches. An interlude follows during which the poet invokes†¦show more content†¦This avian imagery is more explicit earlier in the poem when he describes â€Å"Rebellion’s vengeful talons [that seize] on Laud† (line 168). Johnson constructs his argument through synecdoche, offering a few examples to stand for the infinite number of wishes one might make. So, too, the few people cited suggest the many others the reader can imagine. Preferring the general to the specific, Johnson finds synecdoche a convenient device for description. He does not paint a beautiful face but offers â€Å"rosy lips and radiant eyes† (line 323). The gifts of nature are suggested by â€Å"The fruits autumnal, and the vernal flower† (line 262). Personification abounds from the first line, in which Observation surveys humankind, to the last: â€Å"Wisdom calms the mind/ And makes the happiness she does not find† (lines 367-368). Hope, fear, desire, and hate spread their snares. Preferment has a gate, History speaks, â€Å"Pride and Prudence take her [Virtue’s] seat in vain† (line 336). Like synecdoche, this device keeps the poem at the level of general truth that the author seeks. As he would write a decade later in The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia (1759), â€Å"The business of the poet†¦is to examine, not the individual but the species; to remark general properties and large appearances.† Much of the poem’s power derives from the strong verbs thatShow MoreRelatedSamuel Johnsons Escape Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Johnson wrote a poem of praise or to express emotion he would still convey his message beyond reality. He would emphasize an event so immensely that it w ould seem unrealistic. If being real, or reality, is something sensable, then The Vanity of Human Wishes is the poem in which Johnson best display’s these tools of writing for the purpose of escape. With all of his undertakings, from politics to writing critiques, Johnson used writing poetry as his release from reality and the hardships in hisRead MoreTo The Average Person, Inequality Has Been A Societal Norm1110 Words   |  5 Pagesfor hundreds and hundreds of years, but too Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in a perfect society, also known as the state of nature, humans were practically equal to one another. What eventually caused humans to break from this pattern of equality and form the society we see today? In his novel Discourse on Equality, or better known, 2nd Discourse, Rousseau attempts to outline what humans were like before societal interference, and how we can try and return to our roots of equality and peace. Rousseau createdRead MoreThe Pursuit of Virtue in Pride and Prejudice Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesAusten portrays in her novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†. Through a profound scrutiny of the character of the protagonists, and through her interpretation of how vanity, pride, and self - knowledge intervenes in the development of the virtue of the characters, Austen intends to show how human happiness is found by living in accordance with human dignity, which is a life in accordance with virtue. Austen creates a scenario where she allows the reader to identify a variety of persons, each of them withRead MoreEvidence of Vanity in Puritanical Works800 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence of Vanity in Puritanical Works You’ll never get a job dressed like that. You need to stop acting so ditzy if you want people to take you seriously. Stop running your fingers through your hair—you don’t want people to think you’re a slob. Occasionally, thoughts like these pop up in my mind, probably because I care too much about what others think of me. I get really concerned about how people perceive me and interpret my actions. However, I’m not really concerned about vanity being myRead MoreThe Importance of Fables Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: A fable is a narrative that teaches a moral through the use of animals as the main character. Fables toy with the idea of human vanity. Fables are very popular in children’s literature as it teaches children lessons while keeping them interested with the animal characters. Fables were westernized through the help of Aesop. It is unknown whether or not Aesop was a real person but is viewed as one of the fathers of fables. Modern editions contain up to 200 fables and are growing. IRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Rape of the Lock by Pope1633 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Pope is definitely pointing to the lightness of the social life of the privileged, he also recognizes their sincerity in attempting to be polite and well-mannered and pretend to recognize where the true values lie. Pope satirizes female vanity. He wrote the poem at the request of his friend, John Caryll, in an effort to make peace between real-life lovers. The incident of the lock of hair was factual; Popes intention was to dilute with humor the ill feelings aroused by the affair. He wasRead MoreGirolamo Savonarola s Influence On The Renaissance1258 Words   |  6 Pageshis deep religious beliefs would play a big role in renaissance Florence. It is these religious beliefs that would influence his politics and how he fit within the role of the Renaissance. Savonarola fits into the Renaissance context as a force that wishes to maintain absolute devotion to god. He is someone who wants to keep away humanist thought and have everyone submit to God in all aspects of life. While people like Pico della Mirandola and Cardano were very religious men, their approach to thoughtRead MorePope, Swift, and Aristocratic Women Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesseem to have occurred to them that this was a feebl y vicarious hold on status. But a woman without a husband and children had limited chances of fulfilment, even in rank which ensured her material comforts and unquestioned social privilege.’ Her vanity seems to take the form of a religious ritual when describing her morning toilette: And now, unveild, the Toilet stands displayd, Each Silver Vase in mystic Order laid. First, robd in White, the Nymph intent adores With Head uncoverd, theRead MoreDr Faustus Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesto deny The just request of those that wish him well. You shall behold that peerless dame of Greece (5.1.18-21). Faustus’ strong desire to impress others doubtlessly derives from his fear of being rejected by those of high stature in society; he wishes to belong with them and not from whence he came. Furthermore, Stephen Orgel notes in â€Å"Magic and Power in Doctor Faustus†, that although Faustus has unlimited power, he only conjures what is asked of him, never striving beyond or testing his boundariesRead More Division and Destruction in King Lear Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality of power lies an emotional being of exceptional depth and richness that, once released by madness, opens and universalizes itself in sympathy with his fellowman. But as he is placed in life, Lears emotions are too much dominated by selfishness, vanity and egoism to express real love or affection. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; As the country has come to a transition point, so has Lear. In his old age, he feels compelled to put aside the mantle of authority

Alliteration and Symmetry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Free Essays

Note on poetic meter: Gawain is typical of Middle English alliterative poems in that it is written in alliterative long lines, following the basic metrical principles of Old English verse. Each long line consists of two half-lines, each half with two stressed syllables and a varying number of unstressed syllables. Most importantly, the two half lines are connected by alliteration ? that is, repetition of the same consonant sound on at least two, often three, of the stressed syllables. We will write a custom essay sample on Alliteration and Symmetry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, the poem begins: â€Å"Sithen the sege and the assaut was sesed at Troye† (line 1), with the â€Å"s† sound recurring five times within the single long line. The long lines do not rhyme with each other. However, they are organized in stanzas of fifteen to twenty-five lines, and each stanza concludes with a construction known as a â€Å"bob and wheel. † This term refers to a group of five short lines, which do rhyme, to the pattern of ababa. If you are not reading Gawain in the original Middle English, the poetic structure may not be maintained in the translation. Some modern English translations keep the rhyme and meter strictly; others are only prose translations. SYMMETRY Sir Gawain and the Green Knight has a symmetrical structure. Everywhere in the poem is balance, contrast and antithesis. The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to the poem. For example, three kisses are exchanged between Gawain and Bertilak’s wife; Gawain is tempted by her on three separate days; Bertilak goes hunting three times, and the Green Knight swings at Gawain three times with his axe. The number two also appears repeatedly, as in the two beheading scenes, two confession scenes, and two castles. [55] The five points of the pentangle, the poet adds, represent Gawain’s virtues, for he is â€Å"faithful five ways and five times each†. [56] The poet goes on to list the ways in which Gawain is virtuous: all five of his senses are without fault; his five fingers never fail him, and he always remembers the five wounds of Christ, as well as the five joys of the Virgin Mary. The fifth five is Gawain himself, who embodies the five moral virtues of the code of chivalry: â€Å"friendship, generosity, chastity, ourtesy, and piety†. [57] All of these virtues reside, as the poet says, in the â€Å"Endless Knot† of the pentangle, which forever interlinks and is never broken. This intimate relationship between symbol and faith allows for rigorous allegorical interpretation, especially in the physical role that the shield plays in Gawain’s quest. [ 59] Thus, the poet makes Gawain the epitome of perfection in knighthood through number symbolism. The number five is also found in the structure of the poem itself. Sir Gawain is 101 stanzas long, traditionally organised into four ‘Fitts’ of 21, 24, 34, and 22 stanzas. These divisions, however, have since been disputed; scholars have begun to believe that they are the work of the copyist and not of the poet. The original manuscript features a series of capital letters added after the fact by another scribe, and some scholars argue that these additions were an attempt to restore the original divisions. These letters divide the manuscript into nine parts. The first and last parts are 22 stanzas long. The second and second-to-last parts are only one stanza long, and the middle five parts are eleven stanzas long. The number eleven is associated with transgression in other medieval literature (being one more than ten, a number associated with the Ten Commandments). Thus, this set of five elevens (55 stanzas) creates the perfect mix of transgression and incorruption, suggesting that Gawain is faultless in his faults. The format of â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† works on the principles of repetition and multiplication. Think about the number of departures for adventure, the almost eerie property of â€Å"threes,† the characters who play multiple roles, the five points of the pentangle and so on. How to cite Alliteration and Symmetry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Papers

Organizational Development Process of Leading Organizational

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Development for Process of Leading Organizational. Answer: Problems within the individuals, team and NCLS: The organization NCLS does not have a proper infrastructure for conducting group meetings (Anderson, 2015). There are a number of volunteers and students but the number of computers and printers is limited. Julie, the full time employee of the organization indeed had some drawbacks. Negligence in her part was noticed, as she did not receive the urgent call rather sorted the phone message which was a day old. There was no maintenance in the organization. Julie was not cool-headed and was quickly frustrated by the queries of the staff member, which showed her impatient nature. It was her duty to look into the funds for the organization yet she failed to provide proper statistics to Dylan Foundation when the staffs were already working great. Julie liked to keep the things on hold, which is reflected from the case that Jean brings to her notice. The training that was provided to the staff member was not productive as the staff members still failed to understand several matters (Austin, 2012). The organization hired law students from all specialization, which some students did not like. Different Ethical Issues to address by NCLS: The organization Northern County Legal Service (NCLS) they have arranged a meeting with the clients in a small waiting room where the AC was not working which they should have ensured prior to the meeting as it was a hot summer day. There was no provision of fan as well. The clients with prior appointment and with no appointment were made to sit together and the management was treating the appointment fixed clients first rather than those who have come early. This led to growing frustration among the clients who were waiting since the morning. This was unethical on the part NCLS and this needs to be addressed by handling the appointment fixed client and clients with no appointment separately. The running away of Christina from the small meeting room to see her parking meter without answering the clients was indecency on her part. She should have addressed the queries of the client. Possible solution to resolve the issues Though there is a financial shortages faced by the organization, Julie needs to see that the infrastructure of the organization is proper maintained on a monthly basis. The allocated funds should be used for setting up of more number of computers for the students (Leonard, 2013). Since Julie is the headed, the organization so there should not be negligence on her part. The queries of the staffs need to be resolved quickly without showing any form of frustration. She did not do the official work of maintaining statistics, which created the shortage of funds. This needs to be resolved. Julie did not take the urgent matters quite seriously and rather postponed it to a latter point of time. This type of nature should be eliminated as this might have a serious consequence. Selection of the candidate for the training must be done based on the specialization subject i.e. housing law. The training must be made more interesting with practical applications so that law students are willing to work (Shani, Pasmore, Woodman, 2012). References: Anderson, D. (2015).Organization Development: The Process Of Leading Organizational Change. London: Sage Publication. Austin, D. (2012).Human services management. New York: Columbia University Press. Leonard, H. (2013).The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change and organizational development. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell. Shani, A., Pasmore, W., Woodman, R. (2012).Research in organizational change and development. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.