Alcohol Abuse Among Teenagers Essay Example

Alcohol Abuse Among Teenagers Essay Example Alcohol Abuse Among Teenagers Essay Alcohol Abuse Among Teenagers Essay Essay Topic: 7th Grade It’s really interesting that I find myself composing about something that non merely is commonsensible. but what is more. something that every one knows about in general but may non in peculiar. Alcohol usage among adolescents is a serious job and is responsible for decease and hurt in car accidents. physical and emotional disablement. impairment of academic public presentations. aggressive behaviour that causes a figure of other sociological jobs in households and among friends. It is besides the primary cause of condemnable behaviour and a prima cause of broken matrimonies. As we know it’s a wide subject hence I’ll expression at the function that alcohol dramas in the society and it’s impact on teenage dependence. Matter OF CONCERN ( Causes and effects ) The age when immature people are taking their first drink is going lower each twelvemonth. Many surveies show that preteens are experimenting with intoxicant and many are already heavy drinkers ( Cahalan 1997 ) . It may be hard for parents and instructors to believe that a 7th grade pupil can hold an intoxicant job. but a survey of pupil imbibing patterns shows that 5 % of seventh-grade male childs and 4. 4 % of seventh-grade misss are earnestly mistreating intoxicant ( Royce 1996 ) . That’s why we see the effects in footings of antisocial behaviour. school failure. attending shortage. larning disablements and route accidents among the adolescents. THE MAIN CAUSE? . . MEDIA. Despite the jobs caused to immature and old by intoxicant. society sends assorted signals to its young person. Media presents alcohol imbibing with equals as non merely acceptable but besides to see friendly relationship and as a romantic drink. Movies present a realistic image of intoxicant maltreatment. A study by scientific analysis corporation examined imbibing patterns on telecasting and found that out of 225 plans 701 alcoholic imbibing Acts of the Apostless were recorded which were against the voluntary codification ( Jean Lennane. 1995 ) of the spirits industry. The codification states that: a ) Any histrion shown imbibing must be over the age 60. a ) Any imbibing shown should be natural. reasonable and responsible. a ) Ads should non propose that imbibing intoxicant contributes toward societal. sexual or back uping success or as being a pre-requisite of relaxation. a ) Ads should non dispute or make bold people to devour intoxicant. We can see the ads any dark and justice instead how many don’t breach the voluntary codification. AVAIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY A prima cause is that alcoholic drinks can be easy obtained and these are socially more acceptable than other drugs. Parents. adolescents and pedagogues frequently fail to recognize the possible for jobs that alcohol nowadayss to the immature mind and organic structure ( Kay Healey. 1997 ) . At the clip when organic structure and emotions are maturating. frequent or inordinate usage of intoxicant can do irrapareable harm. Misconception: Drinking intoxicant is merely viewed as an grownup behaviour in the society. Alcoholic drinks are advertised and marketed as being associated with gender and love affair. but. infact intoxicant is a sedative which decreases overall sexual public presentation and dulls enjoyable feelings. ( Kay Healey. 1997 ) FAMILY FACTORS: Parental attitude and behaviour sing intoxicant usage drama of import function in how their kids view it’s usage. Evidence exists that a household history of antisocial and hapless parenting increases the hazard of holding kids who use intoxicant and other drugs. The place is the primary beginning of intoxicant for the immature stripling. ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT: Adolescents report that they drink for enjoyment. to bury jobs or to cut down emphasis and anxiousness in their lives. Adolescents. nevertheless are at increased hazard of going intoxicated while imbibing less than grownups because of their limited experience with intoxicant and smaller organic structure size. Depressed or those adolescents who have been physically or sexually abused may utilize intoxicant in an effort to get by with their psychological hurt DRUNK DRIVING Inexperienced drive combined with inexperient imbibing is a deathly combination. A study from National Centre For Health Statistics shows that motor vehicle accidents are the taking cause of decease among individuals Between 15-23 old ages of age. Although they may reserve the right to drive. but. of class no right to set the others in danger while accidents. OTHER EFFECTS: Underage imbibing has infinite effects and hence. it’s impossible to take all of them into history. Research shows that of those who began imbibing at the age of 18. 66 % later are classified with intoxicant dependance and 7. 8 % with intoxicant maltreatment. If a individual waits until the age of 21 before taking their first drink. these hazards lessenings by 60 % . ( Grant 103 ) Alcohol usage can impact adolescents wellness. household relationships and can besides put other members of the society in danger. It has a inclination to take down the productiveness and the quality of work being done and can do jobs in both one’s school and calling. Economic costs are besides an issue when it comes to underage imbibing. IDENTIFYING THE Problem: Identifying the adolescent intoxicant maltreater is hard but non impossible. Specific behaviour and features to watch for to find if intoxicant maltreatment is happening include the undermentioned ; a ) frequent absenteeism. B ) diminution in academic public presentation. degree Celsius ) deficiency of involvement in extracurricular activities d ) jobs with equals e ) self destructive behavior degree Fahrenheit ) deficiency of energy g ) deficiency of concern about personal well-being. H ) obvious marks of poisoning CONCLUSION: Alcohol maltreatment among adolescents and even younger kids is a quickly turning societal job. Alcohol is glamorized in films and telecasting. Beer commercials utilizing athleticss figures try to convert adolescents. As a society we send assorted signals to our young person about intoxicant usage. on the one manus we talk about it. gag about it. and handle it as non merely acceptable but besides desirable. On the other manus we recognize the jobs caused by intoxicant maltreatment. Death and hurts in traffic accidents. loss of productiveness. kid maltreatment. broken places and other serious social jobs linked to alcohol. Redress: In my suggestion. an intensive instruction plan supported by the community with qualified individuals and besides supported by the authorities in footings of fiscal support can positively alter the attitudes and cause important alteration in cognition about intoxicant. Schools can play an of import function to originate instruction and preventative attempts because they reach more pupils than any other topographic point. It besides involves complete committedness with extended planning. REFERENCES Â · Grant 1996. adolescent drug maltreatment. vol 76. pgg 84. 85. Â · Cahalan 1997. underage usage and maltreatment of intoxicant. pg 87 Â · Royce 1996. intoxicant. the national katzenjammer. pg 44 Â · Jean Lennane 1995. intoxicant. pg 56 Â · Alcohol. the facts. 1997. Australian authorities publication service. pg148 Â · Key Healey. 1997. Alcohol. The facts. pg 176 ADDITIONAL READINGS Â · Gall T. L. . 1996. Statistics on intoxicant usage. gale research inc. Â · Alcoholism. 1998. vol 64. Neil kessel and Henry Walton.

Emplyment interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emplyment interviews - Essay Example The main disadvantages are high cost and lack of anonymity. Still, this type of interviews is crucial for effective recruitment because it allows certain standardization of description. To effect the standardization and control for which procedures are designed, they are presented in a specific format conveying information for a particular action to be taken (Sammar et al 2009). The second type is a structured interview. During this interview, the action may be only one step in a series of steps or the entire series. Once formalized in this manner, procedures need to be followed explicitly to achieve their objectives. Hence the rigidity of bureaucracy. Sometimes exceptions may be made to a formalized procedure, but in that case the manner of making an exception is also formalized. In a systems context, a procedure is like a hard-wired circuit. It ensures predictability. The main advantages are high reliability and level of control. The main disadvantage is a law level of personal involvement of an interviewer. The third type is behavioral interviews. Much of the workers' knowledge is conscious, obtained in schools, training, and / or on the job. But much of it is also subconscious, a distillation of experience in which personal solutions to problems encountered in the course of the workday may or may not have worked. The main advantages are the possibility to measure attitudes and accurate reflection. The main disadvantage is subjectivity (influenced by age, income level, race, etc.). The forth type is situation interview. The environment created within the focus group is one in which the conscious knowledge of the participants comes together, and insights are expressed that may be new or may have only existed under the surface. As he or she leads the workshop, an emerging pride is evidenced by the participants in the interview analysis they use to do their jobs to the standards required for quality performance. The advantages of this type are low variation in answers, a possibility to find a right candidate at the short period of time, and it is easy to come up with questions about specific situations. The main disadvantages are that it does not ensure further development of skills and knowledge of a candidate. Also, it is easy for a person to predict and find the right answer for all questions asked during the interview. The panel interview reflects an increasingly common phenomenon, management willingness to go beyond descriptions to achieve greater efficiency and higher productivity. The main advantage is effective tool for measuring communication skills and ability to socialize. The main disadvantage is that the interview can be confusing and a candidate can be taken aback. The computer interview will help companies to save time and analyze data with the help of computer programs. The main disadvantage is lack of personal interaction and communication. The video interview proposes great opportunities to save time and resources of the organization, thus it can be stressful and very subjective. The notion that every little thing that needs doing in order to get work done must appear in a job description is, of course, quite impractical and ultimately can destroy initiative (Sammar et al 2009). The best type

Easy A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Easy A - Essay Example The next Monday, the two goes to the bathroom, and Rhiannon asks about Olive’s encounter with the college student. Olive lies that she lost her virginity with the fictitious boyfriend on the same weekend. Marianne (Amanda Bynes) overheard the conversation. She then proceeded to spread the rumor about Olive’s promiscuity (Devine, Easy A). Marianne, the religious fanatic, and the school’s chastity queen, blames Olive unexpectedly about her promiscuity. Olive wears a cloth of a notorious student. During the English class, she identifies herself as Hester Prynne, the woman condemned by her neighbors in the novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne (Devine, Easy A). Olive confides the truth to her bullied gay friend, Brandon, suggesting to her to lie that he had slept with a girl. Brandon asks for help from Olive, and the two pretends to have had sex in a party. Olive’s reputation degrades. Outcast boys offer to pay Olive so as to improve their image too (Devine, Easy A). Her new power even worked for adults. The teacher Mr. Griffith, and his estranged wife, the guidance counselor who ends up entangled in embarrassments. She finally lost control of the situation and had to take an attitude to revert it. The main female character is Olive Penderghast. The real name of the actor is Emma Stones. In the film, she makes an innocent lie to avoid camping with her best friend, Rhiannon, together with her weird parents. She claims she had gone on a date while she had spent the weekend doing tedious things like singing alone in the room, painting her nails and the nails of her dog (Devine, Easy A). Another female character is Marianne, Amanda Bynes. She is the righteous religious girl in the film. She lights the fuse on olive’s lie and goes ahead in spreading it. Rhiannon, Aly Michalka, is also a female character in the film. She sets peak in the play (Devine, Easy A). Olive Penderghast, the virgin high school girl, never wanted to

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization Essay

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization - Essay Example Increasingly, among international organizations (such as the World Bank and the United Nations), governance is used as a concept to both provide a broad overview of and describe the way societies manage themselves. In the dialogue routinely engaged in by the United Nations and the World Bank "governance" is normally spoken of in terms of three systems - the political/administrative; the economic; and the civil society. When looking at governance from this perspective an important additional dimension is introduced into any discussion of the relationship between governance, democracy and decentralization because one is forced to pay attention to the significance of decentralization for economic development. This represents a very significant dimension in terms of the overall well-being of the society as a whole for it can be central to the defining of its development potential. Governance has also been described and dealt with, particularly in the past two decades, in terms of how to improve the functioning of the actual political/administrative system extant in a particular country. ... rnmental organization (which frequently means the downsizing of government bureaucracies); and the strong encouragement of transparency and accountability in government. There is obviously a long history of discussion about and consideration of what are the attributes of democracy and democratic governance. During the course of the past half century, most attention in this regard has focused upon four basic attributes. These include the conduct within a country of free and fair elections; the existence of a reasonably well-organized and competitive party system; a delineation of, respect for, and protection of basic civil liberties and human rights within the society; and, the encouragement, support of and active participation of a vigorous civil society and, in particular, strong interest groups. While democracy and its attributes have been the topic of much thought, writing and discussion, it is still the case that there are not totally precise measures of or delineations of where democratic governance begins or ends within a society. In fact, democracy is inevitably a "work in progress." The institutions and processes of democracy are constantly in a state of evolution. Such evolution is not always necessarily in a progressive or productive fashion. Clearly there are moments in almost all societies in which democratic processes and values suffer setbacks. Likewise, there are other times when what is normally evolutionary progress toward higher levels of democratic governance sometimes become dramatic movement. The concept of decentralization is perhaps a little less clearly defined in part because it is the newest of these concerns. One of the things that has added some misunderstanding to the debate and discussion over decentralization is the frequent

Roman Body Armor :: essays research papers

During the expansion of Rome and the acquisition of new territory, the Roman armies were often met by heavy resistance and bloody conflicts. The armies needed a type of protection that would safely protect soldiers and would ensure victory for Rome. That is the reason armour (upper body) in particular was implemented to save soldiers on the battlefield. The armour had to meet certain standards of construction for it to be useful: Of these standards the first was that armour was to be flexible enough to allow the wearer freedom of movement in battle. Secondly, it had to be lightweight it could be worn without wearing down the soldier, while still protecting him against an opponents' weapon: and finally, the armour had to be made at low cost. These three aspects were influential in the evolution of armour design in the Roman army. The main study point of Roman armour is that it was a trade off between freedom of movement, protection, and cost factor. In the first century A.D. there were about four types of armour in use. The names of the different types were muscle, scale, mail, and segmented mail and the segmented breastplate being the leading type. Studying of these armour types relies upon three main sources of evidence: iconographic; archaeological; and literary source documents. The evolution of Roman armour was influenced by the needs and circumstances of the Roman Army. Armies of the first century A.D. were finally established within the Empire and control fell solely under the Emperor. With the increase of soldiers in the Roman army, which was up to around thirty legions, well built armour was more in need than ever on the frontiers. The army could be divided into two distinct parts the legion and the auxiliary. Only Roman citizens could become a legionnaire, while the auxiliary were made of non citizens from Rome's settled territories. The early view put forward by a historian named Webster was that the equipment used by the legionnaires was remarkably uniform throughout the empire. However, there has been no evidence that supports this theory, showing that a great number of types and ages of equipment was in use at anyone time. Peterson argues that uniform armour in the Roman army may have only extended to the soldiers having their own body armour, helmet, weapons and shield showing a common trademark. Bishop and Coulston suggest that in this period soldiers purchased their own equipment.

Comparison Between Market Structures

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKET STRUCTURES Perfect Competition No. of Firms A large number, each being small. Monopolistic Competition A large number, each have some amount of market power. Oligopoly A small number, each being mutually interdependent. Monopoly Only one firm, possessing full control in the market. Size of Firms Small. Therefore each is a price taker. Relatively small but possessing some ability in setting price. Relatively big but bases its decision on other firms. Very large and is able to influence price or output but not both simultaneously. Nature of Product Homogeneous Differentiated Differentiated Unique Knowledge of Product Perfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Imperfect knowledge of market by buyers and sellers Barriers Free entry and exit from industry Free entry and exit from industry Barriers of entry and exit from industry Barriers of entry and exit from industry Mobility of Factors Perfect Mobility Perfect Mobility Imperfect Mobility Imperfect Mobility Extent of Price Control/Pricing Policy None by individual firms who take the market prevailing price Firms may either set price or output, constrained by its demand curve Firms may either set price or output, constrained by the actions of rival firms Firms may either set price or output, constrained by its demand curve Non-price Competition No advertising or other forms of promotion because of perfect competition †¢ Perfectly price elastic – each firm is a price taker because of all the above conditions †¢ D=P=AR=MR †¢ Price is constant at all levels of output †¢ The industry’s demand and supply determine the market price Advertising and other forms of promotion may take place Advertising and other forms of promotion may take place because of price rigidity †¢ Kinked demand curve – price rigidity exists because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The oligoplistic firm determines the market price or output, taking into account its competitor’s reaction No advertising or other forms of promotion because of the absence of competition †¢ Relatively price inelastic – firm is a price setter because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The monopolist determines the market price or output but not both simultaneously because it is constrained by the demand curve Demand Curve/Price Line/AR curve †¢ Relatively price elastic – each firm has some ability to set price because of all the above conditions †¢ D=AR and AR>MR †¢ The monopolistically competitive firm determines the market price or output but not both simultaneously because it is constrained by the demand curve 1 Perfect Competition Relationship between the demand curves of the Firm and Industry Price Price S P2 D1 D2 D0 P0 P1 AR2 AR0 AR1 Monopolistic Competition Demand Curve of the Firm $ Oligopoly Demand Curve of the Firm $ Monopoly Demand Curve of the Firm / Industry $ P2 P0 P1 MR Quantity Firm Quantity AR=DD Quantity MR AR=DD Quantity MR AR=DD Quantity Q1 Q0 Q2 Industry TR Curve †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P is constant, TR curve is a linear upward-sloping from left to right Revenue Curves under Perfect Competition $ $ 60 TR †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Monopolistic Competition $ †¢ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Oligopoly $ TR = P x Q †¢ Because P falls when Q rises, TR curve is an inverted U-shape Revenue Curves under Monopoly $ 10 AR=MR=DD AR=DD Quantity $ AR=DD Quantity MR Quantity 6 Quantity $ MR AR=DD Quantity $ MR TR Quantity TR Quantity TR Quantity MR Curve †¢ Identical to P and AR, that is, D=P=AR=MR †¢ Constant †¢ MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases †¢ Presence of a broken line, implying the presence of price rigidity †¢ MR is less than AR, with the gradient of the MR curve twice as steep as the AR curve (implying that the MR cuts the quantity axis at half the length at which the AR cuts the quantity axis) †¢ Downward sloping, that is, is falling as quantity increases 2 Perfect Competition MC/AC Curves †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Monopolistic Competition †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Oligopoly †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Monopoly †¢ U-shaped in SR because of Law of Diminishing Returns †¢ U-shaped in LR because of internal economies and diseconomies of scale Profit-maximising Condition †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since MR=P(=D=AR), when MR=MC, P=MC †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC †¢ MR = MC where MC is rising (revenue from the last unit of output is equal to the cost of producing the last unit, therefore marginal profit is equal to zero) †¢ Since P>MR, when MR=MC, P>MC Meaning of SR Equilibrium †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms †¢ When individual firms no longer reshuffle output †¢ When maximum profits are attained †¢ SR equilibrium conditions are fulfilled, and †¢ No entry of new firms and no exit of existing firms Meaning of LR Equilibrium Profitability in SR †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC P0 Supernormal Profits †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ MC AC Supernormal Profits †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC †¢ Supernormal profits when the firm earns profits which are in excess of what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Supernormal Profits under Monopoly $ MC AC Supernormal Profits AR=MR=DD P0 P0 AC Supernormal Profits P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity 3 Perfect Competition †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC P0 AR=MR=DD Monopolistic Competition †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ MC AC P0 Oligopoly †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC AC P0 Monopoly †¢ Normal profits refers to that level of profits that is just sufficient to induce the firm to stay in the industry Normal Profits under Monopoly $ MC AC P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Perfect Competition $ MC AC Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Monopolistic Competition $ AC MC Subnormal Profits †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Oligopoly $ MC AC Subnormal Profits †¢ Subnormal profits occur when the firm earns less profits than what is necessary to induce it to remain in the industry Subnormal Profits under Monopoly $ AC MC Subnormal Profits P0 Subnormal Profits AR=MR=DD P0 P0 P0 AR=DD MR Q0 Quantity Q0 Quantity Q0 MR AR=DD MR Quantity Q0 AR=DD Quantity Profitability in LR Necessarily makes normal profit because of free entry and exit from the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – beyond optimum capacity (Overutilisation where AC is rising) †¢ Normal profits – optimum capacity (Full utilisation where AC is at its minimum) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Necessarily makes normal profit because of free entry and exit from the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Can be making either normal or supernormal profits because of the presence of entry to the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Can be making either normal or supernormal profits because of the presence of entry to the industry †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Normal profits – below capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Subnormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Plant Utilisation in SR 4 Perfect Competition Plant Utilisation in LR Normal profits – optimum capacity (Full utilisation where AC is at its minimum) Monopolistic Competition Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Oligopoly †¢ Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Monopoly †¢ Normal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) †¢ Supernormal profits – below optimum capacity (Underutilisation where AC is falling) Allocative Efficiency Allocative efficiency is attained where P=MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC Allocative efficiency is NOT attained because P>MC EXCEPT when the monopolist is practising first degree (perfect) price discrimination Productive Efficiency (NEW vs OLD definition) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the minimum LRAC NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) NEW: Productive efficiency is attained where profit-maximising level of output is at the LRAC OLD: Productive efficiency is NOT attained because profit maximising level of output is falling LRAC (underutilisation) Distinction between Firm and Industry †¢ Industry consists of many small firms producing an identical product. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve is perfectly elastic because it is a price taker; industry’s demand curve is downward sloping †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) The portion of MC curve that is above the average variable cost †¢ Industry consists of many relatively small firms producing differentiated products. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve and the industry’s demand curve is both downward sloping Industry consists of a few large firms producing differentiated products. Therefore, there exists a distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve and the industry’s demand curve is kinked implying the presence of price rigidity †¢ Industry consists of only one firm producing a unique product. Therefore, there exists NO distinction between firms and industry †¢ Firm’s demand curve is the industry’s demand curve and it is downward sloping Shut-down condition †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because there is no unique price to a quantity and viceversa †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because of the presence of price rigidity †¢ SHORT-RUN – Price ? Average Variable Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Variable Cost) †¢ LONG-RUN – Price ? Average Total Cost (Total Revenue ? Total Cost) Cannot be determined because there is no unique price to a quantity and viceversa Supply Curve in SR 5

Affordable Care Act, Cultural Assessment Of The Hispanic...

Introduction It is important to understand how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also know as the Affordable Care Act and usually referred to as the Obamacare affordable care act works and the functionality of it. The Affordable Care Act has insured over 20 million people, which was signed back in law in 2010 and signed by the 44th President Barack Obama. This paper will discuss various aspect of the Affordable Care Act, cultural assessment of the Hispanic group, and chapter six case study. Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act is a health care system that has insured over 20 million American that was uninsured. This is a law that was passed in 2010. There are three metal categories, which are Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. The metal categories are associated with the cost that the consumer will pay as well as the plan. It is also important to know that the quality of care remains the same for all four categories. For example, the Bronze category will cost the consumer 40 percent while the insurance company would pay 60 percent, while the Silver will cost the consumer 30 percent, while the insurance company pays 70 percent, also the Gold category would cost the consumer 20 percent, while the insurance company would pay 80 percent, and the Platinum would cost the consumer ten percent, while the insurance company would pay 90 percent (â€Å"Understanding marketplace health insurance categories†, 2010). It is very important to understand how the AffordableShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act Is The Chief Repair Of The United States Health Care System1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act was the chief repair of the United States health care system that afford coverage for over 94 percent of Americans (ACA, 2014). These countless modifications benefit many Americans who have pre-existing conditions which normally had not been obtainable up to know. 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The number of persons who are 65 years and older is 12% of the population, the life expectancy of 77.9 years has caused this increase. The older people over age 85 is at about 40%, and the number of centenarians is on the rise (Center for DiseaseRead MoreHealth Disparities Among Minorities : A Pervasive Problem Within The United States.the Institute Of Medicine Defines Disparity2469 Words   |  10 Pagesthe United States.The Institute of Medicine defines disparity as, â€Å"differences in treatment provided to members of different racial or ethnic groups that are not justified by underlying health conditions or preferences† (Snowden 526). Despite adjustments made to access-related factors, insurance and income, minorities still tend receive lower-q uality health care than whites (Flores, Olsen and Tomany-Korman 183). According to the Centers for Disease Control, â€Å"Relatively little progress has been madeRead Moreunit 73688 Words   |  15 Pages Three abbreviated research plans are proposed in this paper as possible solutions to the growing concern in the U.S. on health disparities targeting a community with limited or no health insurance preventing them from receiving adequate health care, medication, and the use of preventive measures such as exercise and diet (Walden, 2012). Comparison and Evaluation of Strengths and Limitations of Research Methods Used in These Abbreviated Plans Two major strengths I find of quantitative researchRead MoreCommunity Assessment Essay5210 Words   |  21 PagesThis paper will conduct a community assessment of Marion County, Indiana. Marion County is located in the heart of Indianapolis, which is the capital of the state of Indiana. Marion County was created April 1, 1822 and was formed from Delaware New Purchase. It was named after General Frances Marion from South Carolina in the Revolutionary War period. This assessment will address the health needs and risks of Marion County through the use of the WGU assessment forms identifying the population’s economic